Taking antibiotics – are useful for colds and flu?

If you have a runny nose and a sore throat, many doctors are quick to prescribe an antibiotic. But does it really help against a cold or flu? We clarify!

It happens suddenly and mostly overnight: We wake up in the morning with a headache, a sore throat and a blocked nose. A cold is coming. Viruses that are transmitted through the air we breathe or through direct contact, e.g. B. by shaking hands or holding on to handrails, get into the mucous membranes and trigger an infection there. On average, a viral cold goes away within two weeks. With nasal spray, cough syrup and home remedies , improvement occurs after just a few days. Nonetheless, antibiotics are often prescribed for a speedy recovery But when does it actually make sense to take them? And when do they bring more side effects than benefits?

What is the difference between viruses and bacteria?

In contrast to viruses, bacteria are living beings that carry DNA and thus genetic information for metabolism, energy production and reproduction for division. Viruses, on the other hand, only consist of a protein shell that is filled with their genetic material. However, they have no metabolism and are dependent on the living cells of their host for reproduction.

Do antibiotics help with viral infections?

Antibiotics do not help against viruses as they only fight the bacteria in the body. Because viruses do not have a metabolism, antibiotics cannot penetrate the cell walls of the virus and destroy it like bacteria can.

When are antibiotics useful?

If a so-called secondary infection occurs as a result of the common cold, which is caused by bacteria, antibiotics can help.

The first signs of a secondary infection are:

  • Persistent high fever
  • Yellowish-green nasal discharge
  • Purulent sputum
  • Severe headache and body aches
A secondary infection can include pneumonia , otitis media , or sinus infections . Since the mucous membranes have already been attacked by the virus, bacteria have an easy time of it. The already weakened immune system cannot react sufficiently, so that the bacteria spread.
But be careful: antibiotics usually do not take “good” or “bad” bacteria into account. As a result, it can happen that e.g. B. the sensitive balance of the intestine is disturbed and it comes to stomach cramps or diarrhea . In many women, the protective bacteria in the genital area are often killed, which leads to fungal infections.
Date: 09/18/2020
Author: Christina Liersch

Crystal Waston MD

Crystal Waston has a degree in Cross Media Production and Publishing. At vital.de she gives everyday tips and deals with topics related to women's health, sport, and nutrition.

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Back to top